######## ################## ###### ###### ##### ##### #### #### ## ##### #### #### #### #### #### ##### ##### ## ## #### ## ## ## ### ## #### ## ## ## ##### ######## ## ## ## ##### ## ## ## ## ## ##### ## ## ######## ## ## ## ### ## ## #### ## ## ##### #### #### #### #### ##### #### #### #### #### #### ###### ##### ## ###### ###### ÉSSUE #7 ################## ÆEB. '94 ######## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ÅDITOR'S ÎOTES: BY ÃRAIG ÔAYLOR (DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU) ÔHIS NET-MAGAZINE IS STILL ALIVE AFTER OVER TWO YEARS SUPRISING EVEN MYSELF. ÔHERE SHOULD BE MORE TO COME ALSO!! ÁND IT'S BEEN LATE EVERYTIME IT'S BEEN RELEASED. :-) É DUNNO - É'M TRYING NOT TO MAKE THAT A TRADITION BUT NEXT TIME É DON'T THINK É'M GOING TO SET ANY FIRM DATES SO IT CAN'T POSSIBLY BE LATE. ÌESEE, FIRST TO ADDRESS SOME QUESTIONS AND QUERIES THAT HAVE BEEN GOING ON OVER THE NETWORK: - ÔHE Ã PROJECT THAT É MENTIONED A WHILE BACK IS NOW OFFICIALLY DEFUNCT, DEAD, RESTING IN PEACE... WHATEVER YOU WANT TO CALL IT. ÔHERE MAY BE OTHER INDIVIDUALS WORKING ON THEIR OWN VERSION OF AN ÁÎÓÉ Ã COMPILER BUT THE GROUP THAT WAS SETUP IS NO LONGER. ÂASICALLY, IT WAS A PROBLEM OF TOO MANY PROGRAMMERS, TOO FEW MANAGERS (AND WE KNOW PROGRAMMERS *GRINS* - ÔHEY ALL WANT TO DO IT THEIR WAY. ÉNCIDENTILLY - MY WAY _WAS_ THE BEST. ;-) ) - ÔHE Ã65 EXISTS BUT THERE ARE VERY FEW OF THEM OUT THERE AND ÇRAPEÖINE NO LONGER SELLS THEM (OUT OF STOCK É BELIEVE). ÉT WAS ONLY MADE IN SMALL QUANTITIES FOR PROTOTYPE WORK. ÔHERE HAVE BEEN NUMEROUS INDIVIDUALS READING COMP.SYS.CBM THAT SEE MENTION OF THE Ã65 AND ASSUME THAT THIS CREATURE ÃOMMODORE RELEASED. ÃOMMODORE SOLD A WAREHOUSE AND ITS CONTENTS TO ÇRAPEVINE AND ÇRAPEVINE STUMBLED ACROSS THEM AND SOLD 'EM. ÔHEY ARE FUNCTIONAL BUT DUE TO THE LOW NUMBER OF THEM AVAILABLE É DOUBT THAT THERE WILL BE ANY Ã65 TARGATED APPLICATIONS. (ÓOMEONE PROVE ME WRONG, PLEASE?) - ÇEESH - ÔHAT STUPID ARTICLE ABOUT THE 1351 MOUSE THAT É KEPT PROMISING FROM ISSUE 2 ON É'VE OFFICIALLY DECLARED DEAD. ÉT MAY COME AROUND LATER BUT FOR NOW IT'S DEAD. ÉT'S EXISTED AS A PROMISE IN ONE FORM OR ANOTHER SINCE ISSUE 2 SO THIS MESSAGE OFFICIALLY KILLS IT. - ÁLSO THERE WAS SOME CONFUSION LAST TIME ABOUT MY WORDING ABOUT NOT WRITING ANY MORE ARTICLES AND SUCH (OR RATHER, NOT AS MANY AS É HAD BEEN). ÂASICALLY, YES - É'M STILL GOING TO DO Ã=ÈACKING - IT'S JUST THAT BECAUSE OF TIME, FRUSTRATION, SCHOOL AND JOBS THAT É DON'T HAVE AS MUCH TIME TO DEVOTE TO RESEARCHING AND WRITING ARTICLES. ÔHAT'S ALL THAT É MEANT TO SAY - SOME PEOPLE WERE CONCERNED THAT Ã=ÈACKING WAS NO LONGER GOING TO BE RELEASED... ÁS ALWAYS, HERE'S THE OBLIGATORY BEGGING FOR AUTHORS ON ANY TYPE OF SOFTWARE OR HARDWARE PROJECT THAT INVOLVES THE ÃOMMODORE COMPUTERS. ÐLEASE, ÐLEASE IF YOU OR YOUR USER GROUP HAS ANY INFORMATION OR MATERIAL CONCERNING THE ÃOMMODORE COMPUTERS THAT YOU THINK MAY BE APPROPRIATE FOR Ã=ÈACKING LET ME KNOW VIA E-MAIL AT DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU. É'M LOOKING FOR ANYTHING FROM HARDWARE SCHEMATIC, PROGRAMMING THEORY TO ACTUAL PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES, PROGRAMS. ÔHE ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE OF Ã=ÈACKING É'M ESPECIALLY PLEASED WITH. ÔHERE ARE TWO ARTICLES CONCERNING THE ÖÉÃ CHIP AND ITS OPERATIONS THAT DETAIL HOW CERTAIN "MAGICAL" TECHNIQUES ARE PERFORMED. ÁLSO, ÍARKO ÍAKELA HAS WRITTEN A VERY DETAILED, INTERESTING ARTICLE ON VARIOUS MEMORY TECHNIQUES FOR THE Ã-64. ×E ALSO HAVE A SUMMARY OF THE ÁÃÅ PROGRAMMING / OPERATING SYSTEM AND A REFERANCE GUIDE ON HOW TO WRITE APPLICATIONS FOR IT. É'VE ALSO INCLUDED AN ÉNTERÎET GUIDE THAT É'VE STARTED WRITING TO SHOW INDIVIDUALS HOW TO USE THE ÉNTERÎET TO GET ÃOMMODORE-64/128/ÖIC-20 RELATED MATERIAL. ÉNCLUDED WITHIN THAT IS A LIST OF ÆÔÐ SITES CONTAINING NUMEROUS PROGRAMS. ============================================================================= ÐLEASE NOTE THAT THIS ISSUE AND PRIOR ONES ARE AVAILABLE VIA ANONYMOUS ÆÔÐ FROM CCOSUN.CALTECH.EDU (AMONG OTHERS) UNDER PUB/RKNOP/HACKING.MAG AND VIA A MAILSERVER WHICH DOCUMENTATION CAN BE OBTAINED BY SENDING MAIL TO "DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU" WITH A SUBJECT LINE OF "MAILSERVER" AND THE LINE "HELP" IN THE BODY OF THE MESAGE. ============================================================================= ÎÏÔÉÃÅ: ÐERMISSION IS GRANTED TO RE-DISTRIBUTE THIS "NET-MAGAZINE", IN WHOLE, FREELY FOR NON-PROFIT USE. ÈOWEVER, PLEASE CONTACT INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS FOR PERMISSION TO PUBLISH OR RE-DISTRIBUTE ARTICLES SEPERATELY. Á CHARGE OF NO GREATER THAN 5 ÕÓ DOLLARS OR EQUIVLENT MAY BE CHARGED FOR LIBRARY SERVICE / DISKETTE COSTS FOR THIS "NET-MAGAZINE". ============================================================================= ÉN ÔHIS ÉSSUE: ÃOMMODORE ÔRIVIA ÃORNER ÔHIS SECTION OF Ã=ÈACKING WILL CONTAIN NUMEROUS QUESTIONS THAT WILL TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF TRIVIA FOR THE ÃOMMODORE COMPUTERS. ÅACH ISSUE THEY'LL BE ANSWERS TO THE PREVIOUS ISSUES QUESTIONS AND NEW QUESTIONS. ÈOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW? ÉNTERÎET ÒESOURCES FOR THE ÃOMMODORE 64 / 128 Ö1.0 ÔHIS ARTICLE GOES INTO DETAIL ABOUT THE AVAILABLE RESOURCES ON THE ÉNTERÎET AND IS MEANT TO INTRODUCE PEOPLE TO THE WONDERFUL, WACKY WORLD OF THE ÉNTERÎET. ÉT COVERS WHAT THE ÉNTERÎET IS, WHAT CAPABILITIES IT HAS AND HOW TO ACCESS THOSE CAPABILITIES. ÉN ADDITION, IT ALSO INCLUDES ÈOWARD ÈERMAN'S LATEST LIST OF ÆILE ÔRANSFER SITES FOR THE ÃOMMODORE COMPUTERS. ÈIDING KILOBYTES ÍOST ÃOMMODORE 64 PROGRAMS DO NOT UTILIZE EVEN NEARLY ALL OF THE 64 KÂ RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY SPACE. ÂY DEFAULT, THERE ARE ONLY 44 KILOBYTES OF ACCESSIBLE ÒÁÍ. ÔHIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES HOW YOU CAN TAKE THE HIDING 20 KILOBYTES TO USE. ÆÌÄ - ÓCROLLING THE ÓCREEN ÔHIS ARTICLE, USING A TECHNIQUE DESCRIBED BY ÐASI ÏJALA IN THE LAST ISSUE OF Ã=ÈACKING, GIVES AN EXAMPLE OF A PROGRAM USING ÆLEXIBLE ÌINE ÄISTANCE TECHNIQUE. ÔECH-TECH - MORE RESOLUTION TO VERTICAL SHIFT ÁT ONE TIME HALF OF THE DEMOS HAD PICTURES WAVING HORIZONTALLY ON THE WIDTH OF THE WHOLE SCREEN. ÔHIS EFFECT IS NAMED TECH-TECH AND IT IS DONE USING CHARACTER GRAPHICS. ÈOW EXACTLY AND IS THE SAME POSSIBLE WITH SPRITES ? ÁÃÅ-128/64 ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅÒ'Ó ÒÅÆÅÒÅÎÃÅ ÇÕÉÄÅ (VERSION 0.9, FOR ÒELEASE #10) ÔHIS ARTICLE EXPLAINS THE COMPLETE SYSTEM INTERFACE FOR THE ÁÃÅ-128/64 COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT. ÉT IS INTENDED TO BE USED BY PROGRAMMERS FOR DEVELOPING SOFTWARE TO RUN ON TOP OF THE ÁÃÅ KERNEL. ÁÃÅ IS A PROGRAM FOR THE ÃOMMODORE 128 AND ÃOMMODORE 64 THAT PROVIDES A COMMAND SHELL ENVIRONMENT THAT IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF ÕNIX. =============================================================================== ÃOMMODORE ÔRIVIA ÃORNER BY ÊIM ÂRAIN (BRAIN@MAIL.MSEN.COM) ÅVERYONE WHO READS THIS ARTICLE HAS HAD, OR PRESENTLY OWNS A ÃOMMODORE COMPUTER OF SOME KIND. É OWN MORE THAN ONE, WHICH IS NOT UNCOMMON AMONG ÃOMMODORE ENTHUSIASTS. ×ELL, É BOUGHT MY FIRST ÃOMMODORE COMPUTER IN 1982, A BRAND NEW ÖIC-20 WITH SOME GAME CARTRIDGES. É HAD WANTED AN ÁTARI, BUT FATHER KNEW BEST AND HE TOLD THE THEN 11 YEAR OLD SON THAT COMPUTERS WOULD SHAPE MY LIFE MORE THAN ANY GAME MACHINE. ×ELL, IT IS 11 YEARS LATER AND A ÃOMPUTER ÅNGINEERING ÄEGREE EARNED, AND É HAVE SPENT MANY A NIGHT DURING THAT TIME PLAYING ON MANY MODELS OF ÃOMMDORE EQUIPMENT. ÎOW, É WOULD LIKE TO SHARE THE KNOWLEDGE É HAVE WITH YOU IN AN INTERESTING WAY. ÁS YOU NOW KNOW A LITTLE ABOUT ME, LET US SEE HOW MUCH YOU KNOW ABOUT THE MACHINES AND COMPANY THAT BINDS US ALL TOGETHER. ÔHE FOLLOWING IS AN INSTALLMENT OF ÃOMMODORE ÔRIVIA. ÔHESE QUESTIONS HAVE BEEN GLEANED FROM BOOKS, MAGAZINES, PERSOANL KNOWLEDGE, WORK ON THE MACHINES IN QUESTIONS, AND OTHER FELLOW COMMODORE USERS HAPPY TO SHARE INTERESTING BITS OF SEMI- USELESS KNOWLEDGE CONCERNING THE ÃÂÍ SYSTEMS. ÔHIS INSTALLMENT CONSISTS OF TWO PARTS, THE ÄECEMBER 1993 EDITION COMPLETE WITH ANSWERS AND THE ÊANUARY 1994 EDITION WITHOUT ANSWERS. ÅACH NEW ISSUE OF ÃOMMODORE ÈACKING ÍAGAZINE WILL CONTAIN MORE QUESTIONS, AS WELL AS ANSWERS TO THE PREVIOUS ISSUE'S QUESTIONS. ÅACH NEW EDITION IS ALSO POSTED EVERY MONTH ON THE 12TH OF THE MONTH ON THE ÕSENET NEWSGROUP COMP.SYS.CBM. ×INNERS WILL BE ANNOUNCED ON THE NEWSGROUP, AND PRIZES MAY BE AWARDED. ÆOR ANYONE WISHING TO SUBMIT ANSWERS FROM THIS ARTICLE, PLEASE EMAIL YOUR RESPONSES WITH QUESTION NUMBERS PRECEEDING EACH ANSWER TO : BRAIN@MSEN.COM ÔHE ANSWERS TO THIS EDITION WILL BE POSTED ON THE 12TH OF ÆEBRUARY IN COMP.SYS.CBM WITH THE NEXT EDITION OF QUESTIONS. ÈAVE FUN TRYING TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AND FEEL FREE TO SEND ME A NOTE WITH NEW QUESTIONS. É CAN ALWAYS USE THEM. [ÅD'S ÎOTE: ÉN ADDITION, THE MAILSERVER THAT É HAVE SETUP FOR Ã=ÈACKING WILL MAKE PROVISIONS TO ALLOW INDIVIDUALS TO RETRIEVE THE NEWEST SET OF QUESTIONS AND LAST MONTH'S ANSWERS. ÃURRENTLY NOT IMPLEMENTED, IT SHOULD BE AVAILABLE SOON. ÄETAILS IN THE NEXT ISSUE. ÁLSO DUE TO Ã= ÈACKING BEING PUBLISHED FAIRLY IRREGULARLY AND NOT EVERY MONTH THE COLUMN HERE WILL CONTAIN ANSWERS TO THE LAST ISSUE OF Ã=ÈACKING'S QUESTIONS AND HAVE NEW QUESTIONS FOR THE MONTH THAT IT'S RELEASED IN.] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ÈERE ARE THE ANSWERS TO THE 10 QUESTIONS IN ÃOMMDORE ÔRIVA ÅDITION #1 FOR ÄECEMBER 1993. [THAT WERE POSTED ON COMP.SYS.CBM] Ñ $000) ÃOMMODORE STARTED OUT INTO COMPUTING WITH THE ÐÅÔ SERIES OF COMPUTERS. É AM NOT SURE IF THE FIRST ONES HAD ÐÅÔ EMBLEM, BUT NONETHELESS, ×HAT DOES Ð Å Ô STAND FOR? Á $000) ÐERSONAL ÅLECTRONIC ÔRANSACTOR ÓINCE THE ACRONYM WAS MADE UP BEFORE THE EXPANSION, THE FOLLOWING ARE ALSO VALID: ÐERSONAL ÅLECTRONIC ÔRANSLATOR ÐEDDLE'S ÅGO ÔRIP Ñ $001) ÃOMMODORE PLANNED TO MANUFACTURE A SUCCESSOR SERIES TO THE SUCCESSFUL ÃOMMODORE 64 HOME COMPUTER. ÂOTH WERE INTENDED TO BE ÂUSINESS MACHINES. ×E ALL KNOW THIS RESULTED IN THE ÃOMMODORE ÐLUS 4, BUT WHAT WERE THE MACHINES ORIGINALLY CALLED AND WHAT WAS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO? Á $001) THE 364, WHICH HAD, AMONG OTHER THINGS, A LARGER ÐLUS 4 STYLE CASE THAT HOUSED THE REGULAR KEYBOARD PLUS A NUMERIC KEYPAD. THE 264 TURNED INTO THE ÐLUS 4, WITH 64Ë OF ÒÁM. ×E WILL NEVER KNOW MUCH MORE ABOUT THE 364, SINCE IT GOT SCRAPPED. Ñ $002) ÈOW MUCH FREE MEMORY DOES A ÖIC-20 HAVE (UNEXPANDED)? Á $002) ÏOOH! ÔHERE ARE MANY ANSWERS FOR THIS. ÔHE ÖÉÃ HAS 3583 BYTES OF ÒÁÍ FOR ÂÁÓÉÃ ÔHE ÖÉÃ HAS 4096 BYTES OF ÒÁÍ FOR ÍÌ ÔHE ÖÉÃ HAS 5120 BYTES OF ÒÁÍ. 4Ë OF ÒÁÍ + 1Ë FOR ÖIDEO. Ñ $003) ×HAT EARLY 80'S ÃOMMODORE SOFTWARE COMPANY HAD A ÌIGHT ÂULB AS A COMPANY LOGO? Á $003) ÓKYLES ÅLECTRIC ×ORKS. ÔHE ÖIC-20 CAME OUT WITH A FEW PERIPHERALS É WANT THE MODEL NUMBERS FOR THE : Ñ $004) ÄISK ÄRIVE Á $004) ÖÉÃ-1540 - ÓAME AS 1541, ONLY FASTER SERIAL SPPED. Ñ $005) ÃASSETTE ÐLAYER Á $005) ÖÉÃ-1530 Ñ $006) ÐRINTER Á $006) ÖÉÃ 1515, WHICH, BY A MISCOMMUNICATION, COULD ONLY USE 7.5" PAPER. ÅVIDENTLY, SOMEONE THOUGHT 8.5" MEANT FULL WIDTH OF PAPER W/ PERFS! ÔHIS PRINTER WAS QUICKLY SUPPLANTED AND OVERTAKEN BY THE 1525, WHICH SHOULD OWN THIS TITLE IN THE FIRST PLACE! Ñ $007) 16 Ë ÒAM ÅXPANSION. Á $007) ÖÉÃ-1111 Ñ $008) ÃOMMODORE ÉNTRODUCED 3 PRINTERS THAT USED THE SAME PRINTER MECHANISM. ×HAT ARE THE MODEL NUMBERS. Á $008) ÍÐÓ 802 (ÓQUARE ÄOTS, ÓERIAL), ÃÂÍ 1526 (ÒOUND ÄOTS, ÓERIAL), ÐÅÔ 4023 (ÒOUND ÄOTS, ÉÅÅÅ-488). Ñ $009) ×HAT IS THE DIFERENCES BETWEEN THE PRINTERS IN #9 Á $009) ÍÐÓ 802 (ÓQUARE ÄOTS, ÓERIAL), ÃÂÍ 1526 (ÒOUND ÄOTS, ÓERIAL), ÐÅÔ 4023 (ÒOUND ÄOTS, ÉÅÅÅ-488). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ÈERE ARE THE QUESTIONS FOR ÃOMMODORE ÔRIVIA ÅDITION #2 FOR ÊANUARY 1994. Ñ $00Á) ×HAT WAS THE ÃODE-ÎAME OF THE ÁMIGA WHILE IN ÄEVELOPMENT? Ñ $00Â) ×HAT IS ÌORD ÂRITISH'S ÒEAL ÎAME (ÔHE CREATOR OF THE ÕLTIMA ÓERIES)? Ñ $00Ã) ×HAT IS THE ÐÏËÅ LOCATION AND VALUE THAT WILL FRY AN EARLY MODEL ÐÅÔ? Ñ $00Ä) ÏN THE ÐLUS 4 AND Ã-16, THE ÖÉÃ CHIP WAS REPLACED WITH THE ÔÅÄ CHIP. ×HAT DOES ÔÅÄ STAND FOR? Ñ $00Å) ÃOMMODORE ÐRODUCED A ÌETTER ÑUALITY ÐRINTER IN ÎORTH ÁMERICA (MAYBE ELSEWHERE) FOR THE ÃOMMDORE ÓERIAL ÌINE. ÎAME IT. Ñ $00Æ) ×HAT IS THE VERSION OF ÄÏÓ IN THE 1541? Ñ $010) ×HAT IS THE ÖERSION OF ÂÁÓÉÃ IN THE ÐLUS 4 AND THE Ã-16? Ñ $011) ×HAT ARE THE NICKNAMES OF THE ORIGINAL THREE CUSTOM ÁMIGA CHIPS? Ñ $012) ÃOMMODORE PRODUCED A 64 IN A ÐÅÔ CASE. ×HAT IS ITS NAME AND MODEL NUMBER? Ñ $013) ÃOMMODORE SOLD A 1 MEGABYTE FLOPPY DISK DRIVE IN A 1541 CASE. ÇIVE THE MODEL NUMBER. Ñ $014) ×HAT DOES ÇÃÒ STAND FOR? Ñ $015) ÃOMMDORE PRODUCED A DRIVE TO ACCOMPANY THE ÐLUS 4 INTRODUCTION. ÇIVE THE MODEL NUMBER. Ñ $016) ×HAT DOES ÓÉÄ STAND FOR? Ñ $017) ×HAT DOES THE ACRONYM ËÅÒÎÁÌ STAND FOR? Ñ $018) ×HAT VERSION OF ÄÏÓ DOES THE 1571 HAVE? Ñ $019) ×HAT OTHER TWO ÃOMMDORE ÄISK ÄRIVES SHARE THE SAME ÄÏÓ VERSION NUMBER AS THE 1571? Ñ $01Á) ÈOW MANY FILES WILL THE 1571 HOLD? Ñ $10Â) ÈOW MANY FILES WILL THE 1541 HOLD? Ñ $01Ã) ×HAT DID ÃOMMODORE MAKE RIGHT BEFORE ENTERING THE COMPUTER MARKET? Ñ $01Ä) ÃOMMODORE INTRODUCED AN ILL-FATED 4 COLOR PLOTTER. ÇIVE THE MODEL NUMBER. Ñ $01Å) ÓOME FORMATS OF ÃÐ/Í WRITE DISKS USING THE ÍÆÍ FORMAT. ×HAT DOES ÍÆÍ STAND FOR? Ñ $01Æ) ÏN THE ÃOMMODORE 128, THE USER MANUAL LEFT TWO COMMANDS UNDOCUMENTED. ÏNE WORKS, AND THE OTHER GIVES A NOT-IMPLEMENTED ERROR. ÎAME BOTH COMMANDS AND WHAT EACH ONE DOES OR DOES NOT DO. ÓOME ARE EASY, SOME ARE HARD, TRY YOUR HAND AT IT. ÊIM ÂRAIN BRAIN@MSEN.COM ============================================================================= ÉNTERÎET ÒESOURCES FOR THE ÃOMMODORE 64 / 128 Ö1.0 BY ÃRAIG ÔAYLOR (DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU) [ÔHIS ARTICLE IS PLACED INTO PUBLIC DOMAIN BY THE AUTHOR. ÃOPYING ENCOURAGED] ÔHE ÉNTERNET ÌET ME START THIS ARTICLE WITH A QUOTE BY ANOTHER AUTHOR THAT EVERYONE SHOULD HEED WHEN DEALING WITH THE ÉNTERÎET: "ÏNE WARNING IS PERHAPS IN ORDER---THIS TERRITORY WE ARE ENTERING CAN BECOME A FANTASTIC TIME-SINK. ÈOURS CAN SLIP BY, PEOPLE CAN COME AND GO, AND YOU'LL BE LOCKED INTO ÃYBERSPACE. ÒEMEMBER TO DO YOUR WORK! ×ITH THAT, É WELCOME YOU, THE NEW USER, TO ÔHE ÎET." BRENDAN@CS.WIDENER.EDU - ÁUTHOR, ÚEN AND THE ÁRT OF THE ÉNTERNET ×HAT IS THE ÉNTERÎET? ×HAT EXACTLY IS THE ÉNTERÎET? ÉMAGINE IF YOU WILL, WHEN YOU WERE A KID STRINGING WIRES BETWEEN HOUSES IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD SO THAT YOU COULD TALK WITH THE KIDS THAT LIVED BESIDE YOU. ÙOU COULD TALK TO THOSE BESIDE YOU BUT NOT THE ONES THAT LIVED ACROSS TOWN. ÎOW, SUPPOSE THAT YOU WANTED TO RELAY A MESSAGE TO A BUDDY ACROSS TOWN. ÔHE ONLY FEASIBLE WAY WOULD BE TO SEND A MESSAGE TO THE GUY NEXT DOOR; THEN HAVE HIM SEND IT TO THE CORRECT PERSON. ÔHIS IS THE BASIC SYSTEM OF THE ÉNTERNET. ÃOMPUTERS CONNECTED TO OTHER COMPUTERS THAT ARE CONNECTED TO OTHERS. ÉN THE ABOVE PARAGRPH COMMUNICATION WAS LIMITED BECAUSE OF GEOGRAPHY - HOW CLOSE INDIVIDUALS WERE. ÔHE ÉNTERÎET SYSTEM; WHILE GEOGRAPHY DOES PLAY A FACTOR, RELIES MORE ON HOW THE SITES GREW UP AND WERE ESTABLISHED AS TO HOW MESSAGES WILL GET PASSED BACK AND FORTH. ÔHERE ARE ALSO OTHER NETWORKS HOOKED UP TO THE ÉNTERÎET THAT PROVIDE AUXILARY SERVICES TO THEIR LOCAL GROUP OF COMPUTERS. ÏNE LARGE ONE IS ÂÉÔÎÅÔ AND ÕÕÃÐ. ÖARIOUS BBS'S ALSO CARRY ITEMS FROM THE ÉNTERÎET SUCH AS THE ÂITÎET NEWS. ÉN ADDITION, ONLINE SERVICES SUCH AS ÇENIE, ÃOMPUSERVE, AND OTHERS OFFER "GATE-WAYS" OR WAYS OF GETTING ACCESS TO THE RESOURCES OF THE ÉNTERÎET. ÁCCESS ÔO ÔHE ÉNTERÎET ÇAINING ÁCCESS TO THE ÉNTERÎET ÔHERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS OF GAINING ACCESS TO THE ÉNTERÎET. ÙOUR LOCAL COLLEGE MAY BE YOUR BEST LOW-COST OPPORTUNITY. ÔYPICALLY, IF YOU ARE A STUDENT OR FACULTY OR STAFF, YOU MAY QUALIFY TO HAVE AN ACCOUNT THAT ALLOWS YOU TO ACCESS ALL THE ÉNTERÎET FACILITIES DESCRIBED ABOVE. ÉF YOU DON'T FALL INTO ANY OF THESE CATEGORIES YOUR NEXT BEST BET IS AN ONLINE SERVICE SUCH AS ÁMERICA ÏNLINE, ÇENIE, OR ÃOMPUSERVE AS THESE ALL SUPPORT WHAT IS KNOWN AS AN ÉNTERÎET GATEWAY - ALLOWING YOU T O ACCESS THE ÉNTERÎET THROUGH T HEM. (ÁT THIS TIME, É DON'T BELIEVE ÐRODIGY HAS AN ÉNTERÎET GATEWAY - IF É'M WRONG É'M SURE É'LL GET TONS OF MAIL. ÏTHER ONLINE SERVICES ALSO EXIST - É'VE ONLY LISTED WHAT É CONSIDER THE "PRIMARY" ONES.) ÏNCE YOU'VE GOTTEN ACCESS TO THE ÉNTERÎET YOU MAY BE ASKING "ÏKAY, É KNOW WHAT THE ÉNTERÎET _CAN_ GIVE ME - HOW DO É DO IT?" ÕNFORTUNATELY, BECAUSE THE ÉNTERÎET IS RUN ON DIFFERANT COMPUTER SYSTEMS THIS WILL VARY FROM SYSTEM TO SYSTEM. ÙOUR BEST BET WOULD BE TO EXAMINE THE DOCUMENTATION AND HELP SCREENS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONLINE SERVICE OR COLLEGE'S FACILITIES. ÓTUDY THEM OVER UNTIL YOU CAN QUOTE THEM BACKWARDS (WELL, NOT QUITE THAT MUCH) - ÓTUDY THEM OVER UNTIL YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT THEY ARE SAYING. ÁLSO, HAVING SOMEONE WHO IS ALREADY EXPERIENCED WITH THE ÉNTERÎET AID YOU IN YOUR EXPLORATIONS IS A GREAT HELP. ×HAT IS Å-ÍÁÉÌ? ÔHERE ARE NUMEROUS INDIVIDUALS USING THE ÉNTERÎET EACH DAY. ÅACH IS ALSO ABLE TO WRITE THE OTHER THROUGH THE USE OF ÅLECTRONIC ÍAIL OR, AS IT'S COMMONLY CALLED "E-MAIL". ÔO SEND A MESSAGE TO ME YOU'D USE YOUR MAIL PROGRAM (THE ACTUAL PROCEDURE VARIES DEPENDING ON WHAT TYPE OF MACHINE YOU USE) AND TELL IT TO SEND THE MESSAGE TO MY USER NAME, "DUCK" AT MY SITE THAT É LOGIN AT - (CURRENTLY GOING TO ÐEMBROKE ÓTATE ÕNIVERSITY) HENCE "PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU". ÓO THE FULL ADDRESS WITH AN "@" SIGN THE COMPUTER NEEDS TO USE TO KNOW HOW TO SEPERATE THE COMPUTER NAME AND THE USER NAME IS "DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU". ÉT'S EASY TO TALK TO SOMEBODY IN ÍEXICO, ÇERMANY, ÁUSTRALIA WITH THIS METHOD AND IT'S QUICKER THAN THE Õ.Ó. ÐOSTAL SYSTEM (WHICH, ON THE ÉNTERÎET YOU'LL SEE REFERRED TO AS ÓNAIL ÍAIL (OR S-MAIL) DUE TO IT'S SLOW DELIVERY TIME COMPARED TO E-MAIL). ÐROJECTS, ÑUESTIONS, ÁNSWERS, ÉDEAS AND GENERAL CHIT-CHAT ON HOW THE FAMILY IS DOING, ETC CAN BE RELAYED OVER THE ÉNTERÎET. ÔHERE ARE ALSO NUMEROUS ABBREVIATIONS AND NOTATIONS THAT ARE USED IN Å-ÍAIL. ÓOME OF THEM ARE: TTYAL8R - ÔALK TO YOU LATER RTFM - ÒEAD THE *UCKIN' MANUAL IMHO - ÉN ÍY ÈUMBLE ÏPINION ROTFL - ÒOLLS ON THE ÆLOOR ÌAUGHING LOL - ÌAUGHS ÏUT ÌOUD. L8R - ÌATER ;-) - (WINKS) :-) - (SMILE) :-( - (FROWNS) ÔHERE ARE _MANY_ _MANY_ MORE - YOU CAN ALSO FIND A HUGE LIST OF THE SMILEY FACES (TURN YOUR HEAD SIDEWAYS AND LOOK AT THE ONES IN PARENTHESIS ABOVE) ON THE ÉNTERÎET. ÙOU MAY ALSO HEAR THE PHRASE "MY E-MAIL BOUNCED". ×HAT THIS MEANS IS THAT YOUR MESSAGE, MUCH LIKE A BOUNCED CHECK, DID NOT WORK RIGHT AND IT WAS RETURNED TO YOUR ACCOUNT. ÔYPICALLY THIS HAPPENS BECAUSE OF INCORRECT ADDRESSES, OR AN INCORRECT USER NAME. ÅMAIL ÓERVERS ÁNOTHER LARGE WAY OF GETTING INFORMATION IS FROM INDIVIDUALS RUNNING WHAT ARE Å-ÍAIL SERVERS FROM THEIR ACCOUNTS OR FROM SPECIFIC ACCOUNTS. ÆROM ÅMAIL SERVERS YOU MAY REQUEST CERTAIN FILES; CATALOGS OF PROGRAMS THAT ARE AVAILBLE FOR REQUEST; SEND MESSAGES TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO OTHER INDIVIDUALS AND AUTOMATICALLY SUBSCRIBE YOURSELF TO THE MAILING LIST FOR NEW ITEMS. ÔHE ONLY ÅMAIL ÓERVER SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE ÃOMMODORE COMPUTERS IS ONE RAN BY THE AUTHOR. ÉT MAJOR INTENT IS THAT OF DISTRIBUTING THE ÃOMMODORE ÈACKING MAGAZINE AS WELL AS PROGRAMS THAT ARE IN THE MAGAZINE. ÔO GET HELP ON HOW TO USE IT SEND A MESSAGE TO THE AUTHOR IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT: ÔO: DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU ÓUBJ: ÍÁÉÌÓÅÒÖ ÂODY OF MESSAGE: ÈÅÌÐ ÔHIS SPECIFIC MAILSERVER IS RAN TWICE A DAY SO YOU SHOULD GET YOUR REPLY WITHIN APPROXIMATELY 12 HOURS. ÐLEASE BE SURE TO HAVE A SUBJECT LINE OF "ÍÁÉÌÓÅÒÖ". ÉF ANYONE KNOWS OF ANY OTHER ÅMAIL ÓERVERS EXISTING FOR THE ÃOMMODORE COMPUTERS PLEASE LET THE AUTHOR KNOW. ÎEWSÇROUPS ÏNE OF THE PRIMARY PURPOSES OF THE ÉNTERÎET IS FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION. ÆOR THIS PURPOSE, THERE ARE CURRENTLY OVER 2000 NEWSGROUPS ESTABLISHED DEALING WITH A WIDE RANGE OF SOCIAL, POLITICIAL, SCIENCE, COMPUTER AND EDUCATIONAL TOPICS. ÓOME OF THESE RANGE TO INANE, WHIMSICAL, TO PRACTICAL AND USEFUL. ÔWO OF THESE FOR THE ÃOMMODORE 64/128 LINE OF COMPUTERS ARE: COMP.SYS.CBM COMP.BINARIES.CBM ÔHE NAMES FOR THE NEWSGROUPS START WITH A SHORT ABBREVIATION SUCH AS "COMP" FOR COMPUTERS, "SCI" FOR SCIENCE, "BIO" FOR BIOLOGY, ETC... ÔHE SECOND GROUP OF LETTERS STAND FOR THE TYPE OF NEWSGROUP "SYS FOR SYSTEM, BINARIES FOR BINARIES ETC..." WHILE THE THIRD DESCRIBES IT BETTER - "CBM" IN THIS CASE FOR ÃOMMODORE ÂUSINESS ÍACHINES. ÔHE NEWSGROUP, ÃOMP.ÓYS.ÃBM SUPPORTS DISCUSSION ABOUT ANYTHING UNDER THE SUN INVOLVING THE ÃOMMODORE 8 BIT LINE OF COMPUTERS (AND LATELY, EVEN TALKING ABOUT THE OLD OLD ANCIENT CALCULATORS THAT ÃOMMODORE MAE THAT MIGHT NOT HAVE EVEN BEEN 8 BIT). ÃOMP.ÂINARIES.ÃBM ALLOWS PROGRAMS TO BE "POSTED" OR MADE AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE WHO WISHES THEM. ÔHERE ARE PROGRAMS AVAILABLE THAT WILL LET YOU TAKE THE "ENCRYPTED" TEXT-ONLY VERSION OF THE PROGRAM THAT YOU SEE ON THE SCREEN AND CONVERT THEM INTO THE CORRECT BINARY P ROGRAM. ÂASICALLY THE RULES FOR NEWSGROUPS ARE: 1) ÅNJOY YOURSELF, 2) ÄON'T HARASS OTHERS AND 3) ÔRY TO STAY ON TOPIC. ÎEWSGROUPS ARE READ BY MANY MANY PEOPLE - TYPICALLY YOU'LL GET A RESPONSE TO AN INQUIRY WITHIN ONLY AN HOUR OR SO - SOMETIMES EVEN SOONER. ÂUT BECAUSE THEY'RE READ BY SO MANY PEOPLE CHATTER OR "BABBLE" AS IT'S KNOWN, IS ALSO DISCOURAGED. ÄON'T HESITATE TO POST ANY QUESTIONS, CONCERNS OR COMMENTS BUT MAKE SURE IN EACH MESSAGE THAT YOU POST THAT YOU HAVE A REASON TO POST. ÓO ×HAT'S ÏUT ÔHERE? ÓO WHY SHOULD YOU BE INTERESTED IN THE ÉNTERNET? ÉMAGINE, IF YOU WILL, BEING ABLE TO ASK QUESTIONS TO NUMEROUS INDIVIDUALS, DOWNLOAD THE LATEST IN SHAREWARE AND PUBLIC-DOMAIN SOFTWARE, KNOW THE "RUMOURS" AND TOPICS BEFORE THEY EXIST ALL FOR FREE? (ÏR AT LEAST, ONLY FOR WHAT YOUR "HOOKUP" METHOD CHARGES - SEE ÇAINING ÁCCESS TO THE ÉNTERÎET LATTER). ÔHAT'S WHAT'S OUT ON THE ÉNTERNET. ÁNY QUESTION YOU HAVE - THERE IS SURE TO BE AN ANSWER FOR - ANY SOFTWARE YOU'RE LOOKING FOR YOU STAND AN EXTREMELY GOOD CHANCE OF FINDING SOMETHING ALONG THE LINES OF YOUR NEEDS. ÔHE MAJOR BENEFIT OF THE ÉNTERNET AS É SEE IT CONSISTS OF THE CONTINUED SUPPORT FOR THE ÃOMMODORE COMPUTERS. ÂECAUSE ALL THESE DIFFERANT MEANS OF OBTAINING INFORMATION ARE NOT SPONSORED BY ANY ONE SPECIFIC COMPANY OR INDIVIDUAL THE ÃOMMODORE 8-BIT LINE OF COMPUTERS ARE GURANTEED CONTINUED SUPPORT OVER THE ÉNTERNET. ÉN ADDITION, BECAUSE THE ÉNTERNET STRONGLY FROWNS UPON ÃOMMERCIAL ADVERTISING YOU WON'T FIND NUMEROUS ADS OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL URGING YOU TO "BUY THIS, BUY THAT" LIKE YOU WILL ON SOME OTHER SERV ICES. ÆÔÐ ÓITES ÆÔÐ STANDS FOR ÆILE ÔRANSFER ÐROTOCOLS AND IS A METHOD OF OBTAINING PROGRAMS THAT ARE STORED ON ANOTHER SYSTEM'S COMPUTERS. ÔHERE ARE NUMEROUS ÆÔÐ SITES OUT THERE IN ÉNTERÎET LAND - ONE OF THE BEST CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR THE ÃOMMODORE COMPUTERS IS THAT OF Ò.ËNOP'S SITE AT CCOSUN.CALTECH.EDU. [ ÔHE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF ÆÔÐ SITES FOR THE ÃOMMODORE 64 AND 128 COMPUTES AND IS CURRENTY MAINTAINED BY ÈOWARD ÈERMAN (H.HERMAN@ÇÅNIE.GEIS.COM) AND IS USED WITH HIS PERMISSION. ÈE USUALLY POSTS AN UPDATED LIST TO COMP.SYS.CBM NEWSGROUP EVERY MONTH OR SO.] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ÔHIS IS THE LIST OF ÆÔÐ SITES CONTAINING SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMS SPECIFIC TO THE ÃOMMODORE 64 AND 128 COMPUTERS. É WILL TRY TO KEEP THIS LIST AS CURRENT AND ACCURATE AS POSSIBLE, SO THAT IT CAN BE A USEFUL RESOURCE FOR USERS OF THE NEWSGROUP. ÐÌÅÁÓÅ COOPERATE AND SEND Å-MAIL TO ME WITH ANY CORRECTIONS AND UPDATES. ÉF A SITE HAS CLOSED OR NO LONGER CARRIES ÃÂÍ SOFTWARE, LET ME KNOW AND IT WILL BE DELETED. ÉF YOU UNCOVER A SITE NOT LISTED, TELL ME SO THAT IT CAN BE ADDED. ----- ÔO USE THIS LIST ON A ÕÎÉØ SYSTEM, JUST TYPE 'FTP ', WHERE IS ANY OF THE SITES LISTED BELOW. ÕSE 'ANONYMOUS' AS YOUR LOGIN, AND YOUR Å-MAIL ADDRESS FOR THE PASSWORD. ÙOU CAN CHANGE AND LIST DIRECTORIES WITH 'CD' AND 'DIR', RESPECTIVELY, AND DOWNLOAD FILES TO YOUR SYSTEM USING 'GET'. ÂE SURE TO SPECIFY EITHER 'BINARY' IF YOU ARE GETTING A PROGRAM, OR 'ASCII' FOR A TEXT FILE BEFORE YOU BEGIN THE DOWNLOAD. ----- ÉN ADDITION TO THE SITES LISTED BELOW THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF OTHER ÆÔÐ SITES ON ÉÎET WITH INTERESTING FILES COVERING EVERY TOPIC IMAGINABLE. ÔAKE SOME TIME TO SEEK OUT AND EXPLORE THESE TOO. ÅNJOY! ----- ÈOST SOL.CS.RUU.NL (131.211.80.17) ÌAST UPDATED 00:39 4 ÓEP 1993 ÌOCATION: /PUB/ÍÉÄÉ/ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÓ ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 1024 ÁUG 26 09:58 Ã64 ÌOCATION: /PUB/ÍÉÄÉ/ÄÏÃ ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 40183 ÊAN 19 1993 Ã64MIDI-INTERFACE.TXT ÈOST UCENG.UC.EDU (129.137.33.1) ÌAST UPDATED 04:38 6 ÓEP 1993 ÌOCATION: /PUB/WUARCHIVE/SYSTEMS/CPM/C128 ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 24576 ÎOV 6 1986 C128-MEX.COM ÌOCATION: /PUB/WUARCHIVE/SYSTEMS/CPM/C64 ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 1615 ÍAR 14 1984 C64-CPM.MSG ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 1536 ÆEB 9 1985 C64MODEM.COM ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 4199 ÆEB 10 1984 C64MODEM.DOC ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 19200 ÆEB 9 1985 MD730C64.COM ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 2192 ÏCT 1 1984 MD730C64.DOC ÌOCATION: /PUB/WUARCHIVE/DOC/MISC/IF-ARCHIVE/INFOCOM/TOOLS ÆÉÌÅ R--R--R-- 5798 ÁUG 5 14:42 C64TODAT.TAR.Ú ÈOST AIX370.RRZ.UNI-KOELN.DE (134.95.80.1) ÌOCATION: /.DISK2/USENET/COMP.ARCHIVES/AUTO/COMP.SYS.CBM ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXRWXR-X 384 COMP.SYS.CBM ÈOST FTP.CSV.WARWICK.AC.UK (137.205.192.5) ÌAST UPDATED 00:00 18 ÊAN 1994 ÌOCATION: /PUB/C64 ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 909 ÊAN 8 19:52 Ã64PROGS.DOC ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 19558 ÊAN 8 19:49 BACKGAMM.SFX ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 21384 ÊAN 8 19:49 CHEQUEBO.SFX ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 11449 ÊAN 8 19:49 COUNTDOW.SFX ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 18136 ÊAN 8 19:49 DRAUGHTS.SFX ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 5011 ÊAN 8 19:49 LOADER.SFX ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 17423 ÊAN 8 19:49 WHITEWAS.SFX ÄESCRIPTIONS: ============ BACKGAMM - ÂACKGAMMON BOARD GAME CHEQUEBO - ÃHEQUE ÂOOK ÏRGANISER, WRITTEN IN BASIC WITH ÕË POUND SIGN AS CURRENCY, BUT COULD BE CHANGED TO SUIT ANOTHER. COUNTDOW - ÌÏÁÄ"COUNT EXAMPLE",8,1 AND WATCH THE COUNTDOWN DURING LOADING. DRAUGHTS - ÄRAUGHTS BOARD GAME. LOADER - ÐRESS ÒÅÓÔÏÒÅ KEY AND ÍÅÎÕ ON DISK WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY RE-LOADED. WHITEWAS - ÃOLOUR SQUARES BOARD GAME. ÌOCATION: /TMP/C64 >ÔEMPORARY FILES STORED HERE. ÉF /TMP DIRECTORY NOT FOUND, TRY >AGAIN AT ANOTHER TIME. /TMP DIRECTORY NOT ALWAYS AVAILABLE. ÈOST CLOVER.CSV.WARWICK.AC.UK (137.205.192.6) ÌAST UPDATED 13:29 27 ÓEP 1993 ÌOCATION: /PUB/C64 ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 812 C64PROGS.DOC ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 73696 C64PROGS.SFX ÈOST NEXUS.YORKU.CA (130.63.9.66) ÌAST UPDATED 00:00 21 ÄEC 1993 ÌOCATION: /PUB/ÉNTERNET-INFO ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 6308 COMMODORE.FTP >ÁN OLDER VERSION OF THIS LISTING. ÈOST RIGEL.ACS.OAKLAND.EDU (141.210.10.117) ÌAST UPDATED 01:42 3 ÓEP 1993 ÌOCATION: /PUB2/CPM ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 1536 ÊUN 4 1992 C128 ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 C64 ÌOCATION: /PUB2/CPM/C64 ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 1615 ÍAR 14 1984 C64-CPM.MSG ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 1536 ÆEB 9 1985 C64MODEM.COM ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 4199 ÆEB 10 1984 C64MODEM.DOC ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 19200 ÆEB 9 1985 MD730C64.COM ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 2192 ÏCT 2 1984 MD730C64.DOC ÈOST OAK.OAKLAND.EDU ÌAST UPDATED 00:00 18 ÄEC 1993 ÌOCATION: /PUB2/CPM >ÆOR ÃÐ/Í SOFTWARE, MOST ALL OF WHICH WILL RUN ON THE Ã128. ÈOST SRC.DOC.IC.AC.UK (146.169.2.1) ÌOCATION: /USENET/COMP.ARCHIVES/AUTO ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 COMP.SYS.CBM ÌOCATION: /USENET/COMP.ARCHIVES ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 COMMODORE-64-128 ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 ÍAY 3 1991 C64 ÌOCATION: /MEDIA/VISUAL/COLLECTIONS/FUNET-PICS/JPEG/GAMES ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 ÍAR 20 05:48 C64 ÌOCATION: /MEDIA/VISUAL/COLLECTIONS/FUNET-PICS/JPEG/COMP/GAMES ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 ÍAY 6 03:55 C64 ÈOST TUPAC-AMARU.INFORMATIK.RWTH-AACHEN.DE (137.226.112.31) ÌAST UPDATED 04:59 7 ÏCT 1992 ÌOCATION: /PUB/RZ.ARCHIV/SIMTEL/CPM ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 C64 ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 ÓEP 21 20:56 C128 ÈOST WUARCHIVE.WUSTL.EDU (128.252.135.4) ÌAST UPDATED 02:40 23 ÍAY 1993 ÌOCATION: /SYSTEMS/AMIGA/INCOMING/MISC ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 21815 ÊAN 23 14:26 Ã64ÖIEW.LHA ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 120 ÊAN 23 14:26 Ã64ÖIEW.README ÌOCATION: /MIRRORS/CPM ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 C64 ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 1536 ÎOV 22 1992 C128 ÈOST WATSUN.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU (128.59.39.2) ÌAST UPDATED 02:07 8 ÓEP 1993 ÌOCATION: /KERMIT2/OLD ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXRWXR-X 1024 ÊUL 12 18:30 C64 ÌOCATION: /KERMIT/BIN ÈOST CS.COLUMBIA.EDU (128.59.1.2) ÌAST UPDATED 01:29 12 ÓEP 1993 ÌOCATION: /ARCHIVES/MIRROR1/KERMIT ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 15016 ÁUG 24 1988 C644TH.PRG.GZ ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 733 ÓEP 29 1992 C64HELP.TXT.GZ ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 6095 ÓEP 29 1992 C64KER1660.SDA.GZ ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 5904 ÓEP 29 1992 C64KERFAST.SDA.GZ ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 26484 ÓEP 29 1992 C64KERV22A.SDA.GZ ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 42552 ÓEP 29 1992 C64KERV22B.SDA.GZ ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 31982 ÓEP 29 1992 C64SLKV22S.SDA.GZ ÈOST PLAZA.AARNET.EDU.AU (139.130.4.6) ÌAST UPDATED 00:00 28 ÄEC 1993 ÌOCATION: /PUB/KERMIT/C ÆÉÌÅ R--R--R-- 3073 ÁUG 16 1988 C64BOOT.BAS ÆÉÌÅ R--R--R-- 1547 ÁUG 16 1988 C64BOOT.C ÆÉÌÅ R--R--R-- 1151 ÁUG 16 1988 C64BOOT.CLU ÆÉÌÅ R--R--R-- 3002 ÁUG 16 1988 C64BOOT.FOR ÆÉÌÅ R--R--R-- 3315 ÁUG 16 1988 C64BOOT.SIM >ÔHERE ARE MORE ËERMIT FILES WHICH ARE NOT LISTED. ÂE SURE TO >GET THE COMPLETE SET OF Ã64/128 ËERMIT FILES. ÈOST FLUBBER.CS.UMD.EDU (128.8.128.99) ÌAST UPDATED 00:00 03 ÊAN 1994 ÌOCATION: /REC/NEWBALLISTIC ÆÉÌÅ RW-R--R-- 8576 ÍAR 23 21:21 BALISTIC.C64 -------------------------------- ÈOST F.MS.UKY.EDU (128.163.128.6) ÌAST UPDATED 00:00 28 ÄEC 1993 ÌOCATION: /ARCHIVE/C64.ZIP ÈOST FTP.FUNET.FI (128.214.6.100) ÌAST UPDATED 06:11 22 ÍAR 1993 ÌOCATION: /PUB/PICS/JPEG/GAMES ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXRWXR-X 512 ÍAR 20 02:07 C64 ÌOCATION: /PUB/MISC ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXRWXR-X 512 ÍAR 13 23:30 C64 ÌOCATION: /PUB/KERMIT ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXRWXR-X 1024 ÊAN 13 1992 C64 ÌOCATION: /PUB/AMIGA/AUDIO/MISC/SID-TUNES ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 671490 ÊUN 18 1992 Ã64ÍUSICÓHOW-1.LHA ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 316521 ÊUN 18 1992 Ã64ÍUSICÓHOW-2.LHA /PUB/CBM ÈOST NIC.SWITCH.CH (130.59.1.40) ÌAST UPDATED 00:39 31 ÁUG 1993 ÌOCATION: /MIRROR/KERMIT/BIN ÈOST GMDZI.GMD.DE (129.26.8.90) ÌAST UPDATED 01:08 1 ÁUG 1993 ÌOCATION: /IF-ARCHIVE/INFOCOM/TOOLS ÆÉÌÅ RW-RW-R-- 5668 ÁPR 27 15:00 C64.TO.DAT ÈOST MICROS.HENSA.AC.UK (148.88.8.84) ÌOCATION /KERMIT ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-X--- 1024 ÎOV 11 09:20 C64 ÈOST WILBUR.STANFORD.EDU (36.14.0.36) ÌOCATION /PUB/EMULATORS ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 ÊUN 30 00:57 C64 ÈOST SYRINX.UMD.EDU (128.8.2.114) ÌAST UPDATED 00:00 28 ÄEC 1993 ÌOCATION: /RUSH/C64-SOUNDS ÈOST TOLSUN.OULU.FI (130.231.96.16) ÌAST UPDATED 01:53 6 ÓEP 1993 ÌOCATION: /PUB ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 1024 ÊUL 15 1990 C64 ÌOCATION: /INCOMING ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ --------- 1024 ÊUN 20 1992 C64 /PUB/AMIGA/4/C64TRANS.ZOO /PUB/C64 >ÕPLOADING TO /PUB/C64 IS DISABLED BECAUSE OF LACK OF DISK SPACE. >ÈOWEVER, FOR DOWNLOADING IT IS STILL FULLY ACCESSIBLE. >ÃURRENTLY THERE IS NO ADMINISTRATION FOR /PUB/C64. >/PUB/AMIGA IS ACTIVE, THOUGH. ÈOST CCOSUN.CALTECH.EDU (131.215.139.2) ÌAST UPDATED 00:00 31 ÊÁÎ 1994 ÌOCATION: /PUB/RKNOP ÌOCATION: /PUB/RKNOP/MISC > 64/128 PROGRAMS CAN BE FOUND WITHIN DIRECTORIES ACCORDING TO > FUNCTION. ×HEN SEARCHING, BE SURE TO CHECK RELATED DIRECTORIES. ÈOST UCSD.EDU (128.54.16.1) ÌAST UPDATED 04:46 6 ÓEP 1993 ÌOCATION: /MIDI/SOFTWARE ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXR-XR-X 512 ÊAN 27 1992 C64 ÈOST CS.DAL.CA (129.173.4.5) ÌAST UPDATED 01:36 12 ÓEP 1993 ÌOCATION: /COMP.ARCHIVES ÄÉÒÅÃÔÏÒÙ RWXRWXR-X 3584 ÁPR 7 04:05 C64 PUB/COMP.ARCHIVES/COMP.SYS.CBM ÈOST CCNGA.UWATERLOO.CA ÌAST UPDATED 00:00 01 ÊAN 1994 ÌOCATION: /PUB/CBM/VBM110.UUA > ÆOR ÖÂÍ ÂITMAP ÖIEWER VERSION 1.10 ÈOST BERT.PSYC.UPEI.CA ÌAST UPDATED 00:00 31 ÊAN 1994 ÌOCATION: /PUB > ÁLL THE RELEASES OF THE MAJOR DEMO PARTIES OF '93 -------------------------------- ÓEND ALL INFO REGARDING CHANGES/ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS [TO THE ÆÔÐ LIST] TO: 72560.3467@ÃOMPUÓERVE.ÃÏÍ OR: H.HERMAN1@ÇÅNIE.GEIS.ÃÏÍ ============================================================================= ÈIDING KILOBYTES BY ÍARKO Í"AKEL"A <ÍARKO.ÍAKELA@ÈELSINKI.ÆÉ> ÍOST ÃOMMODORE 64 PROGRAMS DO NOT UTILIZE EVEN NEARLY ALL OF THE 64 KÂ RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY SPACE. ÂY DEFAULT, THERE ARE ONLY 44 KILOBYTES OF ACCESSIBLE ÒÁÍ. ÔHIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES HOW YOU CAN TAKE THE HIDING 20 KILOBYTES TO USE. _ÍEMORY MANAGEMENT_ ÔHE ÃOMMODORE 64 HAS ACCESS TO MORE MEMORY THAN ITS PROCESSOR CAN DIRECTLY HANDLE. ÔHIS IS POSSIBLE BY BANKING THE MEMORY. ÔHERE ARE FIVE USER CONFIGURABLE INPUTS THAT AFFECT THE BANKING. ÔHREE OF THEM CAN BE CONTROLLED BY PROGRAM, AND THE REST TWO SERVE AS CONTROL LINES ON THE MEMORY EXPANSION PORT. ÔHE 6510 ÍÐÕ HAS AN INTEGRATED É/Ï PORT WITH SIX É/Ï LINES. ÔHIS PORT IS ACCESSED THROUGH THE MEMORY LOCATIONS 0 AND 1. ÔHE LOCATION 0 IS THE ÄATA ÄIRECTION ÒEGISTER FOR THE ÐERIPHERAL DATA ÒEGISTER, WHICH IS MAPPED TO THE OTHER LOCATION. ×HEN A BIT IN THE ÄÄÒ IS SET, THE CORRESPONDING ÐÒ BIT CONTROLS THE STATE OF A CORRESPONDING ÐERIPHERAL LINE AS AN OUTPUT. ×HEN IT IS CLEAR, THE STATE OF THE ÐERIPHERAL LINE IS REFLECTED BY THE ÐERIPHERAL REGISTER. ÔHE ÐERIPHERAL LINES ARE NUMBERED FROM 0 TO 5, AND THEY ARE MAPPED TO THE ÄÄÒ AND ÐÒ BITS 0 - 5, RESPECTIVELY. ÔHE 8502 PROCESSOR, WHICH IS USED IN THE ÃOMMODORE 128, HAS SEVEN ÐERIPHERAL LINES IN ITS É/Ï PORT. ÔHE SEVENTH LINE IS CONNECTED TO THE ÃAPS LOCK OR ÁÓÃ/ÃÃ KEY. ÔHE É/Ï LINES HAVE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS: ÄIRECTION ÌINE ÆUNCTION --------- ---- -------- OUT Ð5 ÃASSETTE MOTOR CONTROL. (0 = MOTOR SPINS) IN Ð4 ÃASSETTE SENSE. (0 = ÐÌÁÙ BUTTON DEPRESSED) OUT Ð3 ÃASSETTE WRITE DATA. OUT Ð2 ÃÈÁÒÅÎ OUT Ð1 ÈÉÒÁÍ OUT Ð0 ÌÏÒÁÍ ÔHE DEFAULT VALUE OF THE ÄÄÒ REGISTER IS $2Æ, SO ALL LINES EXCEPT ÃASSETTE SENSE ARE OUTPUTS. ÔHE DEFAULT ÐÒ VALUE IS $37 (ÄATASSETTE MOTOR STOPPED, AND ALL THREE MEMORY MANAGEMENT LINES HIGH). ÌIKE MOST CHIPS IN THE ÃOMMODORE 64, THE 6510 ÍÐÕ USES THE ÎÍÏÓ (Î-CHANNEL METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR) TECHNOLOGY. ÔHE ÎÍÏÓ SWITCHES PRODUCE STRONG LOGICAL '0' LEVELS, BUT WEAK '1' LEVELS. ÔHE OPPOSITE IS THE ÐÍÏÓ (Ð-CHANNEL METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR) TECHNOLOGY, WHICH CANNOT PULL STRONG SIGNALS LOW, BUT IS ABLE TO DRIVE THEM HIGH. ÔHE ÃÍÏÓ TECHNOLOGY (COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR), WHICH COMBINES THESE TWO TECHNOLOGIES, IS ABLE TO DRIVE BOTH LOGICAL LEVELS. ÂECAUSE MOST INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN THE Ã64 USE THE ÎÍÏÓ TECHNOLOGY, ALL HARDWARE LINES THAT ARE NOT OUTPUTS ARE DRIVEN TO +5 VOLTS WITH A WEAK CURRENT. ÔHIS IS USUALLY ACCOMPLISHED BY PULL-UP RESISTORS, LARGE RESISTANCES BETWEEN THE HARDWARE LINES AND THE +5 VOLT POWER SUPPLY LINE. ÔHE RESISTORS CAN BE INSIDE A CHIP OR ON THE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. ÔHIS ALLOWS ANY ÎÍÏÓ OR ÃÍÏÓ CHIP TO DRIVE THE LINE TO THE DESIRED STATE (LOW OR HIGH VOLTAGE LEVEL). ÔHE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN INPUT AND AN OUTPUT IS THAT AN OUTPUT USES MORE CURRENT TO DRIVE THE SIGNAL TO THE DESIRED LEVEL. ÁN INPUT AND AN OUTPUT OUTPUTTING LOGICAL '1' ARE EQUIVALENT FOR ANY OTHER INPUTTING CHIP. ÂUT IF A CHIP IS TRYING TO DRIVE A SIGNAL TO GROUND LEVEL, IT NEEDS MORE CURRENT TO SINK AN OUTPUT THAN AN INPUT. ÙOU CAN EVEN USE OUTPUTS AS INPUTS, I.E. READ THEM IN YOUR PROGRAM. ÙOU CAN USE THIS FEATURE TO DISTINQUISH BETWEEN THE LEFT SHIFT AND THE SHIFT LOCK KEYS, ALTHOUGH THEY ARE CONNECTED TO SAME HARDWARE LINES. ÔHE SHIFT LOCK KEY HAS SMALLER RESISTANCE THAN THE LEFT SHIFT. ÉF YOU MAKE BOTH ÃÉÁ 1 PORTS TO OUTPUTS (WRITE $ÆÆ TO $ÄÃ03 AND $ÄÃ01) PRIOR READING THE LEFT SHIFT KEY, ONLY SHIFT LOCK CAN CHANGE THE VALUES YOU READ FROM ÃÉÁ 1 PORT Â ($ÄÃ01).) ÓO, IF YOU TURN ANY MEMORY MANAGEMENT LINE TO INPUT, THE EXTERNAL PULL-UP RESISTORS WILL MAKE IT LOOK LIKE IT IS OUTPUTTING LOGICAL '1'. ÔHIS IS ACTUALLY WHY THE COMPUTER ALWAYS SWITCHES THE ÒÏÍS IN UPON STARTUP: ÐULLING THE -ÒÅÓÅÔ LINE LOW RESETS ALL ÐERIPHERAL LINES TO INPUTS, THUS DRIVING ALL THREE PROCESSOR-DRIVEN MEMORY MANAGEMENT LINES HIGH. ÔHE TWO REMAINING MEMORY MANAGEMENT LINES ARE -ÅØÒÏÍ AND -ÇÁÍÅ ON THE CARTRIDGE PORT. ÅACH LINE HAS A PULL-UP RESISTOR, SO THE LINES ARE '1' BY DEFAULT. (ÉN THE ÃOMMODORE 128, YOU CAN SET THE STATE OF THESE TWO LINES PRIOR TO SELECTING THE Ã64 MODE, PROVIDED THAT YOU WRITE THE MODE SWITCH ROUTINE YOURSELF.) ÅVEN THOUGH THE MEMORY BANKING HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED WITH A 82Ó100 ÐROGRAMMABLE _ÌOGIC_ ÁRRAY, THERE IS ONLY ONE CONTROL LINE THAT SEEMS TO BEHAVE LOGICALLY AT FIRST SIGHT, THE -ÃÈÁÒÅÎ LINE. ÉT IS MOSTLY USED TO CHOOSE BETWEEN É/Ï ADDRESS SPACE AND THE CHARACTER GENERATOR ÒÏÍ. ÔHE FOLLOWING MEMORY MAP INTRODUCES THE ODDITIES OF -ÃÈÁÒÅÎ AND THE OTHER MEMORY MANAGEMENT LINES. ÉT IS BASED ON THE MEMORY MAPS IN THE ÃOMMODORE 64 ÐROGRAMMER'S ÒEFERENCE ÇUIDE, PP. 263 - 267, AND SOME ERRORS AND INACCURACIES HAVE BEEN CORRECTED. ÔHE LEFTMOST COLUMN OF THE TABLE CONTAINS ADDRESSES IN HEXADECIMAL NOTATION. ÔHE COLUMNS ASIDE IT INTRODUCE ALL POSSIBLE MEMORY CONFIGURATIONS. ÔHE DEFAULT MODE IS ON THE LEFT, AND THE ABSOLUTELY MOST RARELY USED ÕLTIMAX GAME CONSOLE CONFIGURATION IS ON THE RIGHT. (ÔHERE HAVE BEEN AT LEAST TWO ÕLTIMAX CARTRIDGES ON THE MARKET.) ÅACH MEMORY CONFIGURATION COLUMN HAS ONE OR MORE FOUR-DIGIT BINARY NUMBERS AS A TITLE. ÔHE BITS, FROM LEFT TO RIGHT, REPRESENT THE STATE OF THE -ÌÏÒÁÍ, -ÈÉÒÁÍ, -ÇÁÍÅ AND -ÅØÒÏÍ LINES, RESPECTIVELY. ÔHE BITS WHOSE STATE DOES NOT MATTER ARE MARKED WITH "X". ÆOR INSTANCE, WHEN THE ÕLTIMAX VIDEO GAME CONFIGURATION IS ACTIVE (THE -ÇÁÍÅ LINE IS SHORTED TO GROUND, -ÅØÒÏÍ KEPT HIGH), THE -ÌÏÒÁÍ AND -ÈÉÒÁÍ LINES HAVE NO EFFECT. DEFAULT ÕLTIMAX 1111 101X 1000 011X 001X 1110 0100 1100 XX01 00X0 10000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Æ000 ËERNAL ÒÁÍ ÒÁÍ ËERNAL ÒÁÍ ËERNAL ËERNAL ËERNAL ÒÏÍÈ(* Å000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ä000 ÉÏ/Ã ÉÏ/Ã ÉÏ/ÒÁÍ ÉÏ/Ã ÒÁÍ ÉÏ/Ã ÉÏ/Ã ÉÏ/Ã É/Ï -----------------------------------------------------------------------------